2. Epstein: Are We Ready to Deal with the Secret Governance System?

Chronology of Epstein Operation

Preliminary as of January 1, 2026 and Subject to Change

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Chronology of Epstein Operation

Preliminary as of January 1, 2026 and Subject to Change

1969-Mid 1970s: Early Years

1969: Epstein graduates from high school in Brooklyn, having skipped two grades. He spent two years studying at Cooper Union and then transferred to NYU, which he attended for three years without graduating. (Webb)


1974: Epstein gets a job teaching math and science (at 21 with no BA) at Dalton School through Donald Barr, William Barr’s father, who was headmaster until three months before Epstein started (Wikipedia). William Barr was then with the CIA and later oversaw Epstein’s prosecution. Epstein was known at Dalton for his persistent attention to teenage girls. (Webb and others)


Mid ‘70s: Donal Trump becomes Roy Cohn’s protege; Chuck Shumer also is a friend of Cohn then.

1976-1991: Building the financial foundation


1976: Epstein is fired from Dalton School at the end of the school year and was then in June recruited by Alan “Ace” Greenberg, a close friend of Roy Cohn and parent of Dalton students, to work at Bear Sterns as a “low level junior assistant floor trader, working in the special products division, and then advised the banks’ wealthiest clients, such as Seagram president Edgar Bronfman, on tax mitigation strategies (Wikipedia).

1980: Epstein is made a limited partner at Bear Stearns. (Webb)


1981: Epstein leaves Bear Stearns to start his own business. According to Wikipedia, Epstein was asked to leave Bear Stearns for, according to his own sworn testimony, being guilty of a “Reg D violation.” Even though he left abruptly, he remained close to Jimmy Cayne (later the banks’ CEO) and Greenberg and was a client of Bear Stearns until its collapse in 2008. [Note Bloomberg article behind paywall: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-08/the-mystery-around-jeffrey-epstein-s-fortune-and-how-he-made-it] According to Vicky Ward, Epstein may have left the bank owing to a Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) investigation into insider trading in a case that involved a tender offer placed by the Seagrams Corporation for St. Joe Minerals Corp.


Early 1980s: Epstein’s shady financial activities, particularly involving currency markets and offshore tax havens — activities he began to perfect while working for prominent Iran-Contra figures in the early 1980s, several of whom were tied to the CIA-linked … BCCI and had known relationships with … Mossad. The nature of Epstein’s work for these individuals and other evidence strongly suggests that Epstein himself had a relationship with BCCI after leaving Bear Stearns and prior to the bank’s collapse in 1991. BCCI was also involved in trafficking in underage girls. Adnan Khashoggi was a client of Epstein then and a Mossad asset during Iran Contra. According to Webb, Bear Stearns served as a broker to BCCI, a fact that remained hidden until a lengthy court battle in the U.K. concluded in 2011 and forced the government’s “Sandstorm Report” about BCCI’s activities to unredact the names of Bear Stearns and other institutions, individuals and countries that had done business with the CIA-linked bank. (Webb)


Mid-1980s: Some of Epstein’s contacts report that he said he was a “bounty hunter” recovering stolen money for the ultra-wealthy. Webb refers to Epstein as Khashoggi’s “fixer.” (Webb)


1987: Les Wexner, CEO of L Brands (parent company of Limited, Victoria’s Secret) retains Epstein as his financial manager; Epstein becomes his only known client.


1987: Epstein begins working with Towers Financial Corporation executive Steven J. Hoffenberg. The two attempted—but mostly failed—in their attempts at corporate takeovers. (Webb) Also that year, a fake passport with Epstein’s photo and a fake name was issued by the Austrian government when Ron Lauder, a known close associate of Epstein, was Ambassador to Austria [it was found after his death in his apartment].(Webb)


• Epstein worked as a paid consultant for Tower Financial Corporation, the large Ponzi-style financial fraud run by Steven Hoffenberg. Epstein’s name appears on company documents and was on the organizational chart. Some former colleagues and Hoffenberg himself later claimed Epstein was deeply involved — called “co-conspirator” or “the architect of the scam” — but these allegations were never proven in court. Epstein was never charged in the Ponzi case and there’s no legal finding holding him responsible for the fraud. (CBS News). The Towers Ponzi scheme, which collapsed in 1993, was one of the largest in US history with 2,800 victims. Hoffenberg told CBS News that Epstein was in charge of the illegal transfer and sale of bonds and investments out of accounts of a Towers shell company. After Epstein’s death, CBS News reported that Hoffenberg had said “Epstein] was my closest friend for years. We ran a team of people on Wall Street, investment people that raised these billion dollars illegally. He was my guy, my wingman.”


• Investigators and executives involved in the Towers collapse have noted Epstein’s role at the firm, his name on disbursements, and his participation in transactions — but concrete evidence tying him to knowing fraud or misappropriated investor funds has not been established publicly.


1988: Epstein founds J. Epstein & Company, a consulting firm that provided money management services to individuals with a net worth of more than $1 billion. His major client for some 20 years was the billionaire retail magnate Leslie H. Wexner. Epstein came to manage much of Wexner’s holdings and benefited enormously as a result.(Webb)


1989: Les Wexner bought the [Manhattan] residence for $13.2MM [sold in 2021 for $51MM]. He spent millions more decorating and furnishing the home, including the addition of the electronic equipment in the “James Bond” bathroom, only to apparently never live in it. The Times, which interviewed Epstein for the piece, quoted him as saying that “Les never spent more than two months there.” Epstein told the Times, which identified Epstein as Wexner’s “protege and one of his financial advisers,” that the house, by that time, already belonged to him. (Webb)


• That same year, Epstein was commissioning artwork at Wexner’s Columbus mansion. During the project he was accused by Maria Farmer of sexually assaulting her and she filed an affidavit in Manhattan about the episode, saying she fled the room and called the police, but that Mr. Wexner’s security staff refused to let her leave for 12 hours. (Webb, from court documents)


1991: The year Whitney Webb pinpoints as the start of Maxwell and Epstein’s sex trafficking blackmail business. Epstein and Les Wexner pledged $2MM for the Harvard-Radcliffe Hillel student union and in the NYT article about the gift Epstein is listed as the president of the Wexner Investment Company. (Subsequently, after Wexner’s 2008 arrest, Harvard sought to distance itself from Epstein’s contributions and recharacterized the 1991 donation as having only been “facilitated” by Epstein, although a missing plaque says otherwise. This also is the year Charles Bronfman and Les Wexner form a pro-Isreal lobbying group, the Mega Group (aka the Study Group), Members include Edgar Bronfman, Max Fisher, Michael Steinhardt, Leonard Abramson, Harvey Meyerhoff, Laurence Tisch (known for his work for the OSS, where Donald Barr also served and which forged ties with Lansky’s criminal empire during World War II), Charles Schusterman, Steven Spielberg, Lester Crown , Marvin Lender, Ronald Lauder. Jeffrey Epstein is said to have used the group to build up his network of high-ranking contacts in business, media, and politics. Wexner was Epstein’s primary financial supporter yet later claimed to have known nothing of his criminal activities. (Webb)


July 1991: Wexner grants Epstein power of attorney over his personal finances (Wikipedia)


Early 1990s: Epstein becomes a trustee of the Wexner Foundation

1990s Southern Air Transport, CIA and Cocaine Operations


• In the 1990s, Les Wexner and Jeffrey Epstein were involved in relocating Southern Air Transport (a CIA front organization with ties to the Iran-Contra affair and alleged CIA drug smuggling) from Miami to Columbus. Southern Air transported goods related to Wexner’s businesses, but in 1996, Customs agents found a hidden shipment of cocaine on one of the planes. Southern Air was shut down in 1998 after Wexner had received federal aid for the relocation of the airline, just weeks before the CIA Inspector General released its official findings on Contra cocaine trafficking allegations. (Wikipedia citing “Epstein, Israel, and the CIA: How the Iran-Contra Planes Landed at Les Wexner’s Base”)

October 1, 1991: Southern Air Transport files for bankruptcy after arranging for a generous incentives package and taxpayer funding of $3.5MM to move to Columbus at Les Wexner’s behest and failing to satisfy its promises made about hiring 300 employees (it laid off employees after moving to Ohio) and constructing a maintenance facility. $32MM of funds ended up in the bank account of the wife of SAT owner and CIA lawyer Lawrence Bastian but Ohio declined to go after it. Also important in arranging the move to Ohio were Richard Secord and Alan D. Fiers Jr., a former chief of the CIA Central American Task Force.

Also in the 1990s: Epstein begins running his business from St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands where he owned the nearby small island of Little St. James (Webb), which he purchased for almost $8MM.

November 1, 1991: Robert Maxwell’s mysterious death.

1993-1995: White House Access


1993: Wexner Foundation is founded according to its website.

February 25, 1993: Epstein’s first documented White House visit (visitor log shows “Rubin” as host)

September 29, 1993: Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell attend a White House Historical Association donor reception; photographed with President Clinton

1993–1995: Epstein visits the Clinton White House at least 17 times on 14 separate days, meeting with aide Mark Middleton and others

1995: Epstein attends an intimate Clinton fundraiser at Ron Perelman’s Palm Beach home

1994-1996: Abuse Operation Begins


1994: According to prosecutors, Maxwell and Epstein begin grooming and recruiting victims as young as 14

Summer 1996: Maria Farmer sexually assaulted by Epstein and Maxwell at Wexner’s Ohio estate (Wikipedia)

August 1996: Maria Farmer files first known criminal complaint against Epstein with NYPD and FBI; authorities take no substantive action

1998-2000: Property and Network Expansion


1998: Epstein acquires Wexner’s Manhattan townhouse (9 East 71st Street), valued at $77 million

2000: Virginia Giuffre (then 16) recruited by Maxwell while working at Mar-a-Lago

2002-2003: Clinton Foundation Trips


2002–2003: Clinton takes four trips on Epstein’s plane (the “Lolita Express”) for Clinton Foundation work — to Europe, Asia, and two to Africa

September 2002: Clinton’s Africa trip includes actors Kevin Spacey and Chris Tucker

2002: Clinton photographed with Epstein in Brunei; praises him as a “highly successful financier”

2006: An Epstein charity, C.O.U.Q. Foundation gave $25K to the Clinton Foundation.

2005-2006: Palm Beach Investigation


March 2005: Palm Beach Police open investigation after a parent reports Epstein sexually abused her 14-year-old daughter

2005–2006: Police identify at least 36 victims, some as young as 14

May 2006: Police prepare multiple felony charges; State Attorney Barry Krischer refers case to grand jury

July 19, 2006: Palm Beach grand jury indicts Epstein on single count of felony solicitation of prostitution

July 2006: FBI opens federal investigation (“Operation Leap Year”)

2007-2009: The “Sweetheart” Plea Deal


May 2007: Federal prosecutor drafts 53-page, 60-count indictment

2007: U.S. Attorney Alexander Acosta negotiates controversial non-prosecution agreement (NPA)

June 30, 2008: Epstein pleads guilty to two state charges; sentenced to 18 months in Palm Beach County jail. He served about 13 months there — much of it under a controversial work-release program that allowed him to leave the jail during the day for up to 12 hours to work in an office before returning at night. He was released in July 2009. (Wikipedia)

• NPA grants immunity to Epstein and “any potential co-conspirators,” including Maxwell

• Victims were not informed of deal terms (later ruled a violation of Crime Victims’ Rights Act)

2008-2009: Lenient Incarceration


2008–2009: Epstein serves 13 months in Palm Beach County Stockade with extensive work release privileges (12 hours/day, 6 days/week)

July 22, 2009: Epstein released; registers as level-three sex offender

2015-2018: Civil Litigation and Renewed Scrutiny Involvement with Ehud Barak


2015: Virginia Giuffre sues Ghislaine Maxwell for defamation.

• Epstein and Ehud Barak form a business relationship to invest in Israeli company known as Reporty Homeland Security (now Carbyne) that created 911 software. According to Whitney Webb, Carbyne software is also available to consumers as an app that provides emergency services with access to a caller’s camera and location and also runs any caller’s identity through any linked government database. It has specifically been marketed by the company itself and the Israeli press as a solution to mass shootings in the United States and is already being used by at least two U.S. counties according to Mint Press article a while back). Haaretz reported that Barak’s investment in Carbyne was funded by Epstein and Barak became the CEO of Carbyne.

2016: Giuffre-Maxwell case settled

November 2018: Miami Herald publishes Julie K. Brown’s investigative series identifying some 80 alleged survivors of sexual abuse by Epstein or his associates, renewing public interest in Epstein.

2019: Arrest and Death


• Miami Hearald had reported in Decemer 2018 that Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell have settled a federal civil lawsuit filed by a woman who says she was ordered under threat of violence to have sex with them and other influential individuals when she was in her early 20s. The paper also reported that state and federal prosecutors had worked with Epstein’s lawyers to conceal the extent of Epstein’s crimes and secretly negotiated an unusual plea agreement that allowed him to escape federal sex traficking charges – an agreement by design kept from his victims so that they would not appear at sentencing.

July 6, 2019: Epstein arrested by FBI at Teterboro Airport upon return from Paris; charged with sex trafficking of minors (2002–2005 conduct). CBS news reported that during bail proceedings, Epstein’s asset summary listed more than $559MM in total assets.

July 8, 2019: Epstein pleads not guilty

July 12, 2019: Labor Secretary Alexander Acosta resigns amid outcry over 2008 plea deal

July 18, 2019: Epstein denied bail

August 10, 2019: Epstein found dead in his cell at Metropolitan Correctional Center; ruled suicide by hanging. His cellmate had been removed and for approximately three hours he was not checked on by guards – violating jail protocol. As well, cameras outside his cell malfunctioned.

December 2021: Ghislaine Maxwell conviction on U.S. federal charges of sex trafficking and conspiracy for helping him procure girls, including a 14-year-old, for child sexual abuse and prostitution

Banking Litigation & Regulatory Actions

JPMorgan Chase (Client: 1998-2013)

2002-2016: Suspicious Activity Flagged


• JPMorgan opened 134 Epstein accounts and filed approximately 150 Cash Transaction Reports (CTRs) on Epstein’s accounts – according to a House Judiciary Committee report, JP Morgan processed over one billion in suspicious transactions over the course of its fifteen year relationship with Epstein and designated Epstein ‘high risk client’ in 2006 but continued the relationship.

• Bank of America handled hundreds of millions in Epstein’s funds but filed only two significantly delayed SARs relating to his conduct.

• According to 2025 Senate Finance Committee report, JPMC’s internal data shows that between 2002 and 2016, JPMC reported only $4.3 million in transactions from Epstein’s accounts in a handful of SARs.

• Internal compliance at Deutsche Bank flagged concerns repeatedly, but senior executives overruled

2006-2007: Internal Review After Arrest


• Following Epstein’s July 2006 arrest in Palm Beach, JPMorgan reviewed the relationship

• Decision made to keep Epstein as client, but not proactively solicit new business

• Jes Staley (head of private banking) and General Counsel Stephen Cutler reportedly conferred and decided to retain Epstein

2011: Internal Compliance Push


• Head of compliance William Langford urged “rapid response” team to determine whether to exit Epstein accounts

• Senior management overruled; Epstein retained as client

• GC Stephen Cutler reportedly had two meetings with Epstein at JPMorgan headquarters

• Emails show JPMC private bankers withheld information on Epstein’s suspicious activity from JPMC’s compliance department.

2013: JPMorgan Terminates Epstein


• Bank ends relationship with Epstein after Jes Staley departs but JPMC executives maintained relationships with Epstein after terminating him as a client because of Epstein’s influence over billionaire Leon Black

• Mary Erdoes (Asset & Wealth Management CEO) reportedly made final decision to terminate Epstein, but she explicitly approved continuing to work with Epstein on third-party projects after 2013 termination

• No SARs filed at time of termination despite known concerns

September 2019: Belated Reporting


• One month after Epstein’s death, JPMorgan files SAR flagging over $1 billion in transactions (Oct 2003–July 2019)

• SAR references transactions with Wall Street figures, former lawyers, and accounts linked to Russian banks (Alfa Bank, Sberbank)

November 2022: Three Related Lawsuits By U.S. Virgin Islands And Sex Victim Class Members In Southern District of New York Over Banks’ Role In Facilitating Epstein’s Sex Trafficking


• USVI sues JPMorgan in a case overseen by Judge Jed Rakoff, alleging that the bank “turned a blind eye” to Epstein’s conduct and that the bank handled “virtually every financial transaction Epstein needed to operate his “sex-trafficking venture”

• JPMorgan Chase was also named in a class action by Epstein victims.

• In another class action against Deutsche Bank, the plaintiffs (Jane Doe et al.) accused Deutsche Bank of accepting Epstein as a client after he was dropped by JPMorgan (in 2013) and continuing the relationship until 2018, even after reports of numerous sexual assaults involving underage girls.

• The complaints, which were partially consolidated, for procedural purposes, contend the banks continued servicing Epstein’s accounts and handling large cash transactions and withdrawals despite knowing or recklessly disregarding that his financial needs were tied to his sex-trafficking activities, thus benefiting from and facilitating his crimes.

• Denise George, Attorney General for the Virgin Islands Territory was fired by the governor days after filing the enforcement action against Epstein

March 2023: JPMorgan Sues Jes Staley


• Bank files cross-claim against former executive

• Alleges Staley should be held liable for any damages

• Seeks to claw back $80+ million in compensation

• Alleges Staley exchanged sexually suggestive emails with Epstein, including photos of young women

May 2023: Jamie Dimon Deposed


• JPMorgan CEO testifies for 8 hours

• States he never met or spoke with Epstein

• Claims he was unaware of compliance evaluations until 2019 news reports

• According to new reporting, bank compliance officers raised concerns about Epstein repeatedly with senior executives, and emails between executives related to those concerns were marked “pending Dimon review” and “for Jamie.” Former JPMorgan Chase executive Jes Staley also testified under oath that he alerted Dimon to Epstein’s 2008 guilty plea to soliciting sex from a minor. (Source: September 2025 Senate Finance Committee Report)

June 12, 2023: $290 Million Settlement
(Jane Doe 1 Class Action)


• JPMorgan settles with victims represented by David Boies and Brad Edwards

• Class covers women abused/trafficked from January 1, 1998 through August 10, 2019

• Judge Rakoff grants class-action status, noting class could be “well over 100 people”

• Bank does not admit liability

September 26, 2023: $75 Million Settlement (U.S. Virgin Islands)


• JPMorgan settles USVI enforcement action – no regulatory fines imposed

• $55 million to charities and victim assistance

• $20 million for legal fees

• $10 million specifically for survivor mental health services

• Bank agrees to implement anti-trafficking measures

• The Virgin Islands previously obtained a $105 million settlement from Epstein’s estate and another $62.5 million from billionaire investor Leon Black to resolve potential claims related to Epstein.

• Confidential settlement reached with Jes Staley

October 2025: Documents Unsealed


• Judge Rakoff orders unsealing of 100+ documents from USVI litigation

• Newly released suspicious activity reportss and internal communications are revealed

• Emails between Epstein and Staley discuss meetings with Prince Andrew, Google co-founders, Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, Bill Gates and Steve Bannon and conversations about Donald Trump

November 2025: Senate Finance Committee Investigation


• Senator Ron Wyden releases memo alleging JPMorgan underreported suspicious transactions

• Bank reported only $4.3 million in SARs (2002–2016) despite processing over $1 billion Wyden questions roles of executives Mary Erdoes, Stephen Cutler, Justin Nelson, Jamie Dimon and demands explanation for 6-year delay between terminating Epstein (2013) and filing SARs (2019)

Deutsche Bank
(Client: August 2013-December 2018)

2013: Deutsche Bank Onboards Epstein


• Paul Morris, former JPMorgan relationship manager, brings Epstein to Deutsche Bank

• Internal memo flags Epstein’s criminal history

• Senior executive notes potential for “$100-300 million” in flows and “$2-4 million annually” in revenue

• Bank proceeds despite known sex offender status

2013-2018: Suspicious Transactions

  • Bank processes millions in payments including:
    • Wire transfers to alleged co-conspirators
    • Settlement payments totaling over $7 million
    • Legal expenses totaling over $6 million
    • Payments to “Russian models”
    • Tuition, hotel, rent expenses for young women
    • ~$800,000 in cash withdrawals for “travel, tipping, expenses”

2014: “Butterfly Trust” Accounts Opened


• Bank opens accounts for Epstein trust

• Beneficiaries include individuals bank knew were alleged co-conspirators

December 2018:
Deutsche Bank Terminates Epstein


• Bank ends relationship

July 7, 2020: NY DFS $150 Million Fine


• New York Department of Financial Services issues Consent Order

• First regulatory enforcement action against a bank for Epstein dealings

• Findings: “Despite knowing Mr. Epstein’s terrible criminal history, the bank inexcusably failed to detect or prevent millions of dollars of suspicious transactions”

• Bank acknowledges “error of onboarding Epstein in 2013”

September 2022:
$26.25 Million Shareholder Settlement


• Deutsche Bank settles shareholder lawsuit over lax oversight of high-risk clients including Epstein

November 2022: Jane Doe Lawsuit Filed


• Victim files class action in Manhattan federal court

• Alleges bank “knowingly benefited” from trafficking

• Claims bank “chose profit over following the law”

May 17, 2023: $75 Million Settlement
(Victim Class Action)

• Deutsche Bank settles with Epstein victims

• Eligible victims receive $75,000 minimum, up to $5 million based on circumstances

• Suit covers women abused/trafficked August 19, 2013 through August 10, 2019

• Bank does not admit wrongdoing

• Described as “largest sex trafficking settlement with a bank in U.S. history”

October 20, 2023: Final Court Approval


• Judge Rakoff approves $75 million settlement

• Lawyers receive 30% in fees

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